Surgical Management of Injuries Sustained from Grizzly Bear Maulings Treated in Vancouver, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Between January 1, 1992 and May 31, 1999, four patients underwent operation at Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre for injuries sustained in grizzly bear maulings. Purpose To document and discuss surgical diagnosis and treatment of grizzly bear attack victims. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from clinical charts. Results Injuries were characterized by scalp and tissue avulsions, puncture wounds, lacerations and fractures. On average, patients underwent eight operations. The mean hospital stay was 43 days. Despite irrigation, debridement and antibiotic therapy, patients developed wound colonizations or infections with multiple Gram-positive and -negative organisms. All four patients developed post-traumatic stress disorder necessitating psychiatric counselling and pharmacological treatment. Conclusions Grizzly bear maulings result in multiple injuries requiring careful management and complex reconstruction. Bacterial infections and post-traumatic stress disorder were common complications in this group of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".