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Record W191510113 · doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-8203-2_7

An Assessment of Wal-Mart's Global Expansion Strategy in the Light of its Domestic Strategy

2009· book-chapter· en· W191510113 on OpenAlex
David Brennan, Lorman L. Lundsten

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean retail research · 2009
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicGlobal Trade and Competitiveness
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsShareholderBusinessEarningsDomestic marketKey (lock)International tradeAccountingFinanceCorporate governance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, has globalized its operations to sell to underserved markets and to gain the earnings growth demanded by its shareholders. Wal-Mart dominates the U.S. market and derives 24% of its sales from 14 international markets. It achieved early success in Mexico, Canada and later in the U.K. It failed with market entries into Germany, South Korea, Hong Kong and Indonesia. Its success in other markets is yet to be decided. Wal-Mart's domestic strategy can be reduced to five factors, many of which are not possible in global markets. Wal-Mart claims that its global policy is one of transporting its domestic strategy factors globally, yet its history shows inconsistencies in achieving this. We assess Wal-Mart's global network and suggest some host nations where Wal-Mart might do well. The key goal of this paper is to highlight the surprising gap between Wal-Mart's domestic and global strategy.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.963
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.103
GPT teacher head0.368
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it