Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Electrical Characteristics of Low Clamping Voltage Zinc Oxide- Based Ceramic Varistor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pelletized samples of polycrystalline zinc oxide ceramics doped with 2mol% MnO2 and 3mol% PbO were prepared by the conventional method of ceramic processing. The requisite composition was obtained by the direct mixing of constituent phases (DMCP) technique. Sintering was carried out at various temperatures ranging from 650oC to 850oC. The effects of sintering on the non-linear characteristics of the doped ceramic samples were investigated. The threshold or breakdown voltages were found to decrease as sintering temperature increased. Microstructural investigation revealed improved homogeneity and increased grain sizes with increasing sintering temperature. The random distribution of secondary phases also featured prominently. These findings were observed to correlate with the evolution of electrical characteristics while the sample sintered at 850oC exhibited the best electrical response suitable for varistor behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".