Role of terrestrial carbon in aquatic <scp>UV</scp> exposure and photoprotective pigmentation of meiofauna in subarctic lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Aquatic organisms are adversely influenced by ultraviolet radiation ( UV ) and utilise photoprotective strategies, including pigmentation. We examined UV ‐protective melanin pigmentation of aquatic meiofauna (Cladocera) in relation to the UV exposure across 25 tree line lakes in Finland to address the potential effects of increased UV and altered input of UV ‐screening terrestrial dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) on aquatic organisms. Bio‐optical parameters, including concentration of DOC , the coloured dissolved organic matter ( CDOM ) fraction, a suite of carbon quality indices and chlorophyll a , were analysed from lake water, and their role in controlling underwater UV environment (measured as diffuse UV attenuation coefficient K d at 305 and 340 nm) was examined. Cladoceran ( Alona affinis ) carapaces were extracted from the surface sediments, and their melanisation was assessed with spectroscopic UV ‐visible light absorbance measurements. DOC , CDOM and specific UV absorbance ( SUVA ) had strong positive relationships with the attenuation of UV in the lakes, suggesting that terrestrial organic carbon controls underwater UV exposure in the examined lakes. The absorbance measurements indicated the presence of melanin in the cladoceran carapaces, the degree of melanisation varying strongly among the lakes. Melanisation had significant relationships with SUVA and fluorescence index ( FI ). It was higher in lakes with low SUVA and high FI , indicating that cladocerans exhibit strong melanisation in lakes with low contribution of UV ‐attenuating allochthonous DOC (i.e. high UV exposure). The results suggest that cladoceran meiofauna respond to UV by utilising photoprotective pigmentation and that the degree of pigmentation is affected by site‐specific underwater UV exposure, which is ultimately controlled by UV ‐attenuating DOC of terrestrial origin. Although cladoceran meiobenthos are able to adapt to varying underwater UV doses, climate change with its multiple consequences on hydrology, limnology and catchment vegetation in the tree line zone may cause major changes in underwater UV environment for the organisms to adapt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".