Tree size affects accumulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce seedlings during short day-induced bud formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study documents the changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolites occurring in apical buds and previous year stems of white spruce seedlings ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) with contrasting growth phenotypes (tall vs. small) after transfer to short day (SD; 8 h) photoperiod to induce bud formation. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates markedly increased in the developing buds within the days after transfer to SD, mainly as a result of increased concentrations of monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and pinitol. At the same time, starch levels declined, with the resulting carbohydrates presumably used to meet early carbon requirements of the SD-induced apical bud. Concentrations of glutamine, glutamic acid and proline also decreased immediately after transfer to SD in both organs. Later stages of SD-induced bud formation were characterized by an increase in starch, sucrose, and glutamine concentrations in previous year stems, concomitant with an increase in the steady-state levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glutamine synthetase protein. In contrast, arginine levels increased after 2 weeks of SD exposure, indicating a transition in arginine metabolism at the time of initiation of shoot stem primordia and bud elongation. Higher accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates and total amino acids in previous year stems of small trees could indicate lower sink strength of apical bud during its development, which could in turn impact subsequent tree growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".