Antitumor Agents: Taxol and Taxanes-Production by Yew Cell Culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taxol™ is an anticancer drug increasingly used for the approved treatment of various cancer types, including ovarian, breast, lung, head and neck, bladder and cervix, melanomas, and AIDS-related Karposi's sarcoma. The supply of this compound is limited because of expanding demand and the fact that the only commercial source is the biomass of Taxus species. Yew trees grow relatively slowly, contain low and variable amounts of Taxol™, and in many cases are located in protected, environmentally sensitive areas. The bulk of current Taxol™ production derives from semisynthesis starting from 10-deacetyl baccatin III, a precursor obtained from yew needles. Cell culture of yew species is a viable alternate source of Taxol™ and related taxanes, which can be used for production and/or semisynthesis of the drug. Cell cultures are readily renewable and yield relatively homogeneous, easily manipulated systems for biosynthetic studies on Taxol™, amenable to large-scale commercial production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".