Phylogenetic Relationships of<i>Notaticus</i>(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Based on Larval Morphology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Larvae of all three instars of the diving-beetle species Notaticus fasciatus Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are described and illustrated in detail, with particular emphasis on chaetotaxy and morphometry, and the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Notaticus Zimmermann within Dytiscidae are investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 66 larval characters. Including Notaticus in its own subfamily, as is sometimes done, would result in Dytiscinae paraphyletic with respect to Aubehydrinae. Notaticus is found to be distinctive within Dytiscinae, being characterized by several apomorphies, including pore FRf and occipital suture absent, seta AN1 inserted distally on antennomere 3, seta MX8 subapical and pore MXh submedial on galea, pore LAc basal on labial palpomere 2, and abdominal segment VII completely sclerotized ventrally in instar I. Inclusion of Notaticus in a distinct tribe (Aubehydrini) seems warranted. A subordinate position of Notaticus within Dytiscinae is proposed, with Aubehydrini being part of a clade along with Hydaticini, Aciliini, and Eretini. Support is presented for a clade Aubehydrini + Aciliini + Eretini based on the presence in these taxa of a gibbous larva, short rounded spinulae on antennomere one in instar I, and a strongly developed and spiniform galea with the seta MX9 inserted subapically on it. It is postulated that Aubehydrini is sister to the clade Aciliini + Eretini. A key separating larvae of the tribes of Dytiscinae is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".