Reliability of Hand Fellows’ Measurements and Classifications from Radiographs of Distal Radius Fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inter-rater reliability of classification systems and the direct measurement of fracture displacement was evaluated for two hand fellows in 128 radiographs of distal radius fractures. The fracture classifications rated were the Older, Mayo, AO, McMurtry, Universal and Frykman systems. Measurements of displacement were radial tilt, radial shortening and dorsal angulation on pre- and postreduction films. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and kappas, and their associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Inter-rater reliability for classification systems was poor, with the exception of the Older system (kappa = 0.73). Prereduction measurement of radial inclination, dorsal angulation and radial shortening had excellent reliability (ICC 0.77). Postreduction films exhibited lower reliability in the same measurements (ICC 0.76). Hand fellows reported inconsistent use of classification systems or radiographical measurements in clinical practice. Further training and/or an increased emphasis on direct measurements, rather than classifications, may be warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".