Novel self‐assembling polymeric system based on a hydrophobic modified copolymer: formulation, rheological characterization, and performance in enhanced heavy oil recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents the chemical formulation and rheological properties of a novel self‐assembling polymer (SAP) system derived from a hydrophobically modified sulfonated polyacrylamide (HMSPAM). This polymeric association was established through complexation between the pendant hydrophobic groups contained in HMSPAM andβ‐cyclodextrin molecules. The new SAP system offers improved viscoelastic properties because of the “interlocking effect” of the hydrophobic groups intoβ‐cyclodextrin cavities. It also provides suitable reformability upon mechanical shear when compared to the base HMSPAM. Furthermore, SAP exhibits superior tolerance to elevate brine salinity and hardness, as well as high reservoir temperature. Sandpack flooding tests conducted at simulated reservoir conditions (Pelican Lake reservoir, Alberta, Canada) indicate that this system shows superior mobility control (resistance factor) compared to HMSPAM. It also shows potential asin situpermeability modifier, which makes this polymeric system particularly suitable for heavy oil recovery applications. For instance, the newly developed SAP produced 20% more incremental heavy oil recovery if compared to the performance of the commonly used partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 7% more incremental oil recovery than the baseline HMSPAM at the same experimental conditions. Overall, this new self‐assembly system shows potential for applications in heavy oil recovery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".