Analytical synthesis of voltage‐mode even/odd‐nth‐order differential difference current conveyor and fully differential current conveyor II‐grounded resistor and capacitor universal filter structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary A complete definition of an odd/even‐nth‐order notch or band‐reject filter transfer function is presented. Based on the differences between the input voltage and (i) an nth‐order high‐pass; (ii) a traditional nth‐order notch; and (iii) an nth‐order all‐pass filtering transfer function, a systematic method has been proposed to derive a universal filter structure that can realize voltage‐mode odd/even‐nth‐order low‐pass, band‐pass, high‐pass, all‐pass and traditional notch filters. The intrinsic capability of voltage‐mode addition and subtraction of the two active elements, differential difference current conveyors and fully differential current conveyors, is used to advantage in the aforementioned synthesis procedure. Based upon the definition of an nth‐order notch or band‐reject filter transfer function proposed in this paper, the aforementioned universal one has been further extended to the newly defined nth‐order band rejection filter. The voltage and current tracking errors of the two active elements are compensated by varying the resistances of the proposed filter. Filtering feasibility, stability, component sensitivities, linear and dynamic ranges, power consumption, and noise are simulated using H‐Spice with 0.35 µm process. Compared to some of the recently reported universal biquads, the new one is shown to enjoy the lowest component sensitivities and the best output accuracy for all‐pass signals. Moreover, Monte Carlo and two‐tone tests for intermodulation linearity simulations are also investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".