A compact high-efficiency circularly polarized antenna with thick EBG cells and integrated power divider/phase shifter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a highly efficient and miniature planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) antenna with circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The antenna building blocks are the high aspect ratio (HAR) EBG cells recently introduced in literature, nine (3×3) of which are deployed in both lateral dimensions. As the top metal layer of this EBG surface is symmetrical, it simultaneously accommodates two orthogonal E-field components, excited by two microstriplines attached to the corners. A compact simplified shifter/power divider provides quadrature phase difference and equal power at feed points, enabling the structure to generate a broadside CP radiation pattern. Thanks to the natural capability of EBG cells, the low loss nature of HAR metal traces, and high capacitive coupling of gaps, this work features a planar CP antenna with dimensions as small as 0.26λ×0.29λ×λ/23 and efficiency as high as 94.3%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".