Study and Application of a New Complex Plug Removal System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aiming at solving small effective acid reaction range and causing second damage in the acidizing in low permeability reservoirs, a new kind of deep penetration and little damage complex plug removal system was developed through laboratory research, which consists of an organic acid, a phosphoric acid, an ammonium organic acid, an ammonium fluoride and a strong oxidizer. The properties were evaluated and the results indicate that it has advantages of proper dissolving capacity to rock with dissolving ratio of 38.9%, little corrosion to the pipeline of equipment with corrosion rate of 2.9 g/m2·h-1, low interfacial tension, anti-acid-sludge, and ability to stabilize ferric ion. The plugging in deep formations can be removed with low damage to rock skeleton, which the damage rate is less than 20%. It has been applied in 19 wells with success ratio of 100% and long term of validity, average validity is more than 200 days. The oil production and water injection have been increased obviously. Key words : Acidization; Second damage; Complex plug removal system; Deep penetration; Rock skeleton
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".