On-line determination of dissolved phosphate in sea-water by ion-exclusion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct determination of dissolved phosphate in sea-water by ion-exclusion chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described. This method was developed as an independent, complementary approach to the standard colorimetric procedure used for the determination of dissolved phosphate in a proposed sea-water reference material. The developed on-line method is rapid, simple and accurate, requiring no sample pre-treatment. One determination can be completed in 6 min. The detection limit (3s), estimated at 0.06 µM (2.0 ng ml−1 as P) with injection of only 100 µl of sea-water, is superior to the 0.15 µM achieved using colorimetry. The dissolved phosphate concentration in sea-water of 1.69 ± 0.04 µM measured by a standard additions technique using the proposed method is in good agreement with the 1.71 ± 0.04 µM determined using a classic colorimetric approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".