Articular damage is associated with intraosseous inflammation in the subchondral bone marrow of joints affected by experimental inflammatory arthritis and is modified by zoledronate treatment.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We studied histological changes in the cell populations of subchondral bone marrow resulting from inflammation in animal models of arthritis. Inflammation in intraosseous spaces and the effect of treatment with the aminobisphosphonate zoledronate were assessed. METHODS: Peripheral blood, femoral bone marrow, and spleen cells were harvested from carrageenan-induced arthritis Sprague-Dawley rats; fluorescence stained for CD3, CD8, CD4, CD11b/c, anti-mononuclear phagocyte (MNP), CD3/CD8, CD3/CD4, and MNP/CD11b/c; and evaluated by flow cytometry. Arthritis was induced in New Zealand white rabbits in 5 treatment groups: normal, arthritis, zoledronate-treated from arthritis induction, or 2 or 4 weeks after induction. Animals were euthanized after 7 weeks and distal femoral condyles were decalcified, processed, sectioned, and stained. Sections were evaluated for several cell types and histological features relevant to inflammation, which were assigned a categorical grade from 0 (healthy morphology) to 3 (extensive inflammation). Tidemark was evaluated on a continuous scale. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD11b/c+MNP+ monocytes were observed in the bone marrow of arthritic rats, consistent with intraosseous inflammation. No corresponding increase was observed in peripheral blood or spleen. In rabbits, the histology of lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, fibrocytes, fibrosis, lipocytes, and plasma cells varied significantly across treatment groups. Controls exhibited normal histology. In arthritis, these cell types and tissues displayed a shift of 1-2 grades higher (toward inflammation). Intact tidemark was reduced. Following zoledronate treatment, mononuclear cells, fibrocytes, fibrosis, and lipocytes were significantly altered toward normal, and tidemark shifted toward normal. CONCLUSION: Intraosseous bone marrow inflammation was observed in carrageenan-induced inflammatory arthritis in rats and rabbits. Zoledronate administration diminished the intraosseous inflammatory response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".