Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure on a support system in open cuts in jointed rock mass for the safer and more economical design and construction of earth-retaining structures installed in a rock stratum. The paper first investigates the limitations of previous research on earth pressure and then addresses them to provide a numerical parametric study based on the discrete element method, which can consider the joint characteristics of a rock stratum. The controlled parameters include rock type, joint conditions (shear strength and angle of joints), and wall type. The magnitude and distribution of earth pressure are investigated based on interactions between the ground and the retaining structure. In addition, earth pressure in the rock stratum is compared with Peck's earth pressure for soil ground. The results indicate that the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure in jointed rock mass are strongly influenced by rock type, joint conditions, and wall type, and that this pressure can be very different from that in soil ground. Furthermore, the results of numerical tests are compared with field measurements, and the comparison shows a reasonable agreement. This paper provides useful data for the assessment of earth pressure in designing support systems for jointed rock mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".