Creep Behavior of Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete: The Role of Relative Humidity and Interface Porosity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Delayed deformations in concrete under sustained loading may depend on complex chemo-hydro-mechanical phenomena. Generally, the creep deformation of a cement paste is distinguished in the short-term and long-term. Simply speaking, the former can be associated to the diffusion of gel water in pores and cracks and it is mainly volumetric (i.e., volumetric deformation), reversible, and bounded. The latter can be associated to the sliding of the sheets of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H), which is mainly deviatoric (i.e., shape deformation), irreversible and with an unbounded asymptotic deformation. From an experimental point of view, recent studies have shown that microindentation is a powerful technique to quickly characterize basic creep thanks to the reduced characteristic time of a sample size of few micrometers. The objective of this project is twofold: (1) investigating the effect of relative humidity on the creep behavior by microindentation; (2) characterize the viscous behavior of the interface transition zones (ITZ) around a rigid inclusion. In particular, the project investigated two different relative humidity, 33% and 85%, by considering both creep and relaxation microindentation tests. The presented results show the effect of the moisture content on the creep behavior of cement paste both at short and long terms. In addition, the results showed that the ITZ zone around an aggregate showed higher creep than the bulk cement paste. Those results provide new insights to understand the role of water and interface porosity on the creep mechanisms of concrete.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".