Holocene Pollen Records and Peatland Development, Northeastern Manitoba*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peatlands cover extensive parts of northeastern Manitoba that have low relief and impermeable substrates, with peat thicknesses varying between 25 and 400 cm. Peat reserves average 1.5 x 106 m3/km2. Fens, forested plateau bogs, and polygonal plateau bogs are the prevalent peatland types. The thickest peat deposits consist of Sphagnum bogs that developed on glaciolacustrine or marine silt. Thinner deposits are composed of fen peat, or bog peat developed on sandy till. There is a positive relationship between peat thickness and time since postglacial emergence of the land. Also, recently emerged areas are dominated by fen peat, whereas bog peat is more prevalent on older surfaces. Pollen analysis of peat cores show that spruce trees have been abundant in the region south of Churchill for the past 6300 years. Local changes in peat type and accumulation rate occurred as bog and fen habitats changed, probably in response to changes in water table induced by aggradation and degradation of permafrost. Other taxa typical of boreal forest occupied suitable habitats similar to today, with bog and fen habitats increasing as paludification continued through time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".