Ageing of exposed geomembranes at locations with different climatological conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes exposed to the elements depends, inter alia, on the climatological conditions. This study investigates the degradation in the properties of HDPE geomembranes installed at two mine facilities after almost 16 years of exposure in a warm–hot climate and at a research site after 6 years of exposure in a mild–cold climate. Samples were exhumed at the field sites from different locations and the properties of the geomembrane were measured in the laboratory. The depletion of antioxidants detected by the standard oxidative induction time (Std-OIT) test for the geomembrane installed at the research site was faster on the slope than on the base; however, there was negligible difference in the depletion of antioxidants–stabilizers detected by the high-pressure oxidative induction time (HP-OIT) test between the slope and base. Under the field conditions described, the antioxidant depletion time for the exposed geomembrane installed at the research site (mild–cold climate) was inferred to be 20 to 54 years. The exposed HDPE geomembranes installed at the mine facilities (warm–hot climate) have reached the time of nominal failure based on their stress crack resistance. However, they have not ruptured under the exposure conditions even though the stress crack resistance has dropped to as low as 70 h at some locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".