Resistance of cabbage loopers to Btk in a greenhouse setting: occurrence, spread and management.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<title>Abstract</title> Resistance to the microbial insecticide Btk occurred in a number of laboratory populations of Lepidoptera before it was discovered in field populations. Therefore, it is not surprising that cabbage loopers (<italic>Trichoplusia ni</italic>) in semi-contained vegetable greenhouses were among the first examples of Btk resistance in agricultural situations. We have studied the occurrence of Btk resistance in cabbage loopers in greenhouse populations and the movement of resistance among greenhouse populations of moths. Migratory populations of cabbage loopers remained highly susceptible to Btk sprays in fields in the vicinity of greenhouses. Complete clean-up of greenhouses to remove any overwintering moths is necessary to reduce selection for resistance. Cabbage loopers represent a model system for the study of Btk resistance in contained, seasonal environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".