Two Cases of Secondary Hemifacial Spasm: Pathophysiology and Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dear Editor, Classical hemifacial spasm (HFS) has been attributed to an atraumatic pulsatile vascular compression of the facial nerve leading to hyperactivity within the central components of the nerve, alleviated via mobilization of the culprit vessel [1]. In a small subset of patients the cause may be attributed to lesions involving the facial nerve, most commonly benign cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors [2,3]. In such secondary HFS the clinical manifestation is usually a tonic facial contraction rather than the intermittent twitching characteristic of common HFS [4,5]. There may, however, also be rare patients with a common presentation of HFS but with an associated CPA tumor [6,7]; the role of neurovascular compression (NVC) in these cases is uncertain. We present 2 cases of secondary HFS, both related to benign CPA tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".