Single risk factor interventions to promote physical activity among patients with chronic diseases: systematic review.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide a summary of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity among patients affected by at least 1 chronic disease. The interventions studied were each targeted at a single risk factor. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched from 1966 to 2006 using 2 sets of search terms. First we searched using physical activity or physical fitness or exercise and health care or primary care or primary health care or family practice or medical office or physician's office and health promotion or health education or counselling. Then we used physical activity or exercise and diabetes or hyperlipidemia or hypertension or obesity or cardiovascular disease or pulmonary disease or risk factor or comorbidity and health promotion or health education or counselling or prescription. STUDY SELECTION: We chose randomized controlled trials or trials with a controlled quasi-experimental design that evaluated single risk factor interventions to promote physical activity among adult patients in primary care settings who were affected by at least 1 chronic disease, that reported participation in physical activity as a primary outcome, and that were published in English or French. SYNTHESIS: Of the 4858 articles found, 62 were assessed, and 3 were selected. Two studies concluded that the interventions evaluated had no effect on level of physical activity. The other reported a positive short-term effect with use of an intensive intervention that was based on the theory of planned behaviour and integrated nurses into the general practitioner counseling process. CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of single risk factor interventions to promote physical activity among patients affected by at least 1 chronic disease in primary care settings. Of 3 studies, only 1 reported a short-term positive effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".