Preface for the special issue of “New Perspective of Subduction Zone Earthquakes”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giant subduction zone earthquakes such as the recent 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquakes and their accompanying tsunamis cause significant damage to human society, and it is our earnest desire to scientifically elucidate how they occur.In the Nankai Trough, Japan, great earthquakes and tsunamis have occurred repeatedly, and more are predicted for this site in the near future.Super-deep drilling by the drilling vessel Chikyu will enable us to directly sample seismogenic faults as well as conduct analyses, experiments, and in situ borehole measurements.These efforts should significantly improve our understanding of pre-and co-seismic processes of great subduction zone earthquakes.The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP, 2003(IODP, -2012) ) and International Ocean Discovery Program (2013-2022) have decided to promote the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone experiments (NantroSEIZE) using Chikyu, although the deep target of the plate boundary fault has not yet been reached as of 2015.We created a Japanese partnership program with NantroSEIZE (new perspective on great subduction zone earthquakes from super deep drilling: Kakenhi for the Nankai trough megaquakes, KANAME program, with financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology from 2008-2015).The scientific objective of the program is to improve our understanding of pre-and co-seismic processes of great subduction zone earthquakes by directly sampling seismogenic faults and conducting analyses, experiments, and in situ borehole measurements in the Nankai Trough region.To realize this goal, our strategy consists of the following three schemes: (1) understanding the overall framework of the Nankai Trough seismogenic zone, (2) revealing the materials and mechanical and hydrologic properties of seismogenic faults, and (3) construction and verification of a comprehensive model for pre-and co-seismic processes.On March 11, 2011, during the middle phase of the KANAME program, the Tohoku-oki earthquake and tsunami took place.Chikyu was damaged by the tsunami in the Hachinohe harbor in northeast Japan, and all programs that had been planned for implementation using Chikyu had to be delayed or canceled, including NantroSEIZE and KANAME.On the other hand, IODP immediately planned and conducted drilling at the Japan Trench, at the site of the Tohoku-oki earthquake, after Chikyu was repaired.We modified the KANAME project to include research on the Japan Trench and drilling at other subduction zones, such as Costa Rica.Many new findings and papers have been produced as a result of the KANAME project.The project was completed in 2015, but the NantroSEIZE effort is ongoing.This special issue presents some of the results of the KANAME project, mainly by scientists who took part in the project, although many papers have already published in other journals.Drs.Shelly and Rowe were invited as guest editors in addition to our internal guest editors (Kimura, Kinoshita, and Ashi).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.146 | 0.088 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".