Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research investigates the negative polarity item (NPI) ʕ umur in Najdi Arabic, one spoken variety of Arabic. It indicates that this NPI is a head instantiating its own maximal projection, named as AspP (a shorthand for Aspectual Phrase). Some pieces of empirical evidence have been furnished to support this contention, namely distributional properties and pronominal clitics. It turns out that this NPI is not an adverb since it does not share the same distributional properties with other adverbs. Unlike adverbs, this NPI is immobile and licensed only in a position to the right of the negative particle ma whose existence is crucial for ʕ umur . Additionally, the study shows that the pronominal clitic appearing on ʕ umur is a consequence of valuing its uninterpretable φ-features, in most cases, by the interpretable features of the subject. The study demonstrates that AspP is atop TP. Hence, the subject based generated in the Spec of little vP moves first to the Spec of TP, satisfying the EPP on T, then, if topicalized, to the Spec of AspP headed by ʕ umur . Furthermore, the study finds out that the Negation Phrase (NegP) is positioned atop AspP. Thus, the strict adjacency maintained between ʕ umur and ma follows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".