Bibliographic record
Abstract
[1] The predicted period of the free libration of Mercury's mantle, if fully decoupled from the core, is approximately 12 yr. If the innermost part of the core is solid, this period is altered and a second free mode is possible. The period of these two modes depend on the mean solar torque acting on the elliptical figures of the mantle and inner core, and also on the gravitational torque they exert on one another. We show that one mode is well approximated by the free gravitational oscillation between the mantle and inner core that would occur in the absence of a solar torque; its period is as small as 4 yr depending on inner core size and other model parameters. The second free mode consists of an in-phase libration of the mantle and inner core. When the inner core is small, the period of this mode coincides with that of the decoupled free mantle libration of 12 yr. However, the period lengthens considerably when the inner core radius is larger than 1000 km, and can be as high as approximately 19 yr if Mercury's core is almost fully solidified. These modes should affect Mercury's libration dynamics at decadal timescale. This suggests that, in principle, constraints on the size of Mercury's inner core may be extracted from its long term libration motion, though in practice this may be difficult given data limitations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".