EFFECTS OF THE MICROBIAL METABOLITE DESTRUXIN A ON ION TRANSPORT BY THE GUT AND RENAL EPITHELIA OF<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Destruxins have been implicated in the infection process by entomopathogenic fungi and have been also found to be highly toxic when applied topically or ingested by different insect species. To gain insight into the mechanism of action of this toxin on insect internal organs, we have evaluated the effects of destruxin A on Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubules and gut tissues. Destruxin A was toxic when injected into adults; the calculated EC(50) was 0.11 mM. Destruxin A significantly inhibited fluid secretion rate by Malpighian tubules as well; the calculated IC(50) was 0.25 μM. The Na(+) concentration in the secreted fluid increased significantly when tubules were exposed to 0.25 μM destruxin A, whereas pH and the concentrations of Ca(2+) and K(+) did not change. In gut, there was no effect of destruxin on H(+) flux, but there was a significant decrease in K(+) and Ca(2+) absorption. The concentration of Ca(2+) and K(+) in the hemolymph of destruxin A-injected flies was not significantly different from those of control flies after 3 h. Taken together, these results show that destruxin A produces differential effects on ion transport by renal and gut tissues. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it