Feeding livestock through partnerships.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Addressing issues of animal feed scarcity has the potential of raising incomes and improving the lives of smallholder farmers across the tropics. Though technical solutions have been available for years and have been reported as superior by farmers, adoption has been lacking. Through action research, a coalition of partners examined approaches to increase fodder production in Nigeria. Initially prominence was given to technological solutions; partners were approached to help with scaling-up and adapting the technology to local situations. During the project, it became clear that the issue of fodder scarcity is much more complex and introduction of simple technologies was not enough. As a result, the coalition of partners implementing the project has been shifting focus towards the institutional interactions between partners N.C. de Haan, D. Romney, P. Bezkorowajnyj and O. Olufajo 2006 Feeding livestock through partnerships. Knowledge Management for Development Journal 2(3), 123-135 www.km4dev.org/journal 135 and the capacity required to facilitate the changes within and between them to enable innovation and help address issues related to fodder scarcity. This paper describes the evolution of an approach and the experiences that provided a better understanding of the role of partnerships and how bridging the divides through capacity building will help better address fodder scarcity. About the authors Nicoline de Haan has been working with ILRI and IITA in Nigeria since 2000. As a rural sociologist, she initially worked on a fodder adoption project, which laid the groundwork for the present fodder innovation project. She has been interested in the sociology of knowledge and understanding how people access information and resources to improve their livelihoods. She has worked in East Africa, and is presently based as a consultant in Accra, Ghana. Email: n.dehaan@cgiar.org Dannie Romney has been Acting Director of the Enabling Innovation theme at ILRI since June 2005. This theme addresses the issue of how to build innovation capacity and is exploring the use of innovation systems perspectives in research and the role of scientists vis-a-vis other actors in multi-stakeholder research. She has been working for ILRI since 1999 when she joined the Market Oriented Smallholder Dairy group as a Feed Resources and Nutrient Cycling scientist. In 2007 she will move from ILRI to become the Knowledge and Innovation Systems Coordinator at the CABI-Africa office in Nairobi. Email: d.romney@cgiar.org Peter Bezkorowajnyj works for ILRI and is the Project Manager for the Fodder Innovations Project focusing on improving the livelihoods of poor livestock-dependant farmers in developing countries. He is presently based at ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, India. After his association with the University of Guelph in Canada, he worked for the University of Wales as a research fellow from 1991 to 2000, for Care International in Bangladesh and Concern Worldwide in Afghanistan before joining ILRI in September 2003. He has also worked on short and long term assignments in several other countries including Thailand, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia and Tanzania. Email: p.bezkorowajnyj@cgiar.org Olusoji Olufajo worked on the Fodder Innovations project as visiting scientist in Nigeria. He has years of experience working with crop livestock systems in Northern Nigeria. He presently works as Professor at the Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Email: o.olufajo@cgiar.org 1 Proposition made by Godwin Kojo Ayenor in defense of his PhD entitled ’Capsid Control for Organic Cocoa in Ghana’, 16 th October 2006. 2 The Department for International Development, UK 3 This group comprised the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) 4 NLPD: National Livestock Project Division; ADP: agricultural development projects
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.117 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".