Ore genesis of the unusual Talate Pb–Zn(–Fe) skarn‐type deposit, Altay, NW China: constraints from geology, geochemistry and geochronology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Talate ore field is located in the Abagong polymetallic metallogenic belt of the Altay Orogen, NW China. Lenticular ore bodies occur in the Kangbutiebao Formation, a package of intermediate‐felsic marine volcanic rocks and terrigenous clastic sedimentary‐carbonate rocks. Skarn alteration (mainly garnet) is present in both ore and wall rocks, especially the carbonate rocks. The mineral assemblages and cross‐cutting relationships of veins allow the alteration and mineralization process to be divided into four stages. From early to late, these are the early skarn (E‐skarn), the late skarn with quartz–magnetite veins (QM), the quartz–sulphide (QS) and the quartz–carbonate (QC) assemblages. Quartz crystals are important gangue minerals in the latter three stages, in which four distinct compositions of fluid inclusions are identified based on petrography, microthermometry and laser Raman microspectroscopy, namely aqueous inclusions (W‐type), pure CO 2 inclusions (PC‐type), CO 2 ‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and daughter mineral‐bearing inclusions (S‐type). Microthermometric data and laser Raman analyses show that the quartz crystals from the QM stage contain all four inclusion types, with the W‐type being predominant. Homogenization temperatures range between 271 and 426 °C. The salinities of the W‐ and C‐type fluid inclusions range from 0.5 to 22.4 wt.% NaCl eqv., whereas the S‐type fluid inclusions in the QM stage range from 31 to 41 wt.% NaCl eqv. Daughter minerals in the fluid inclusions include halite, sylvite, pyrite and calcite. Quartz from the QS stage (main mineralization stage) contains the W‐, C‐ and PC‐type inclusions, which are homogenized at temperatures of 204–269 °C, with salinities of 0.2–15.6 wt.% NaCl eqv. Only W‐type fluid inclusions have been identified in the QC stage. These yielded homogenizing temperatures of 175–211 °C and salinities of 1.1–9.9 wt.% NaCl eqv. The C‐type fluid inclusions of the main (QS) mineralization stage yield trapping pressures of 107–171 MPa, corresponding to a depth of 4–6 km. The sulphur isotope values (−1.7‰ and −6.6‰) imply that the QS stage may not be directly associated with the early skarn (−7.4‰) and quartz–magnetite stages (−4.8‰ and −5.0‰), though the QS stage is probably dominated by magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar isotope plateau ages of 227.6 and 214.1 Ma for biotite separated from the QM and QS stages are significantly younger than the host Kangbutiebao Formation ( ca . 410 Ma). The Talate Pb–Zn(–Fe) deposit is interpreted to be an unusual skarn‐type system formed in a continental collision orogeny. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it