NMR crystallography — Three polymorphs of phenobarbital
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The NMR spectra of polymorphs I, II, and III of the pharmaceutical drug compound phenobarbital are discussed in relation to the crystal structures. Whilst some features can be explained by inspection of the structures, others require more detailed work. In this paper, shielding computations for the 13 C, 15 N, and 1 H nuclei using crystallographic repetition (with optimization of the positions of all atoms) are presented. These have enabled the majority of the signals to be assigned with some confidence and several features of NMR crystallography are illuminated. In particular, resonances have been attributed separately for the three independent molecules of form I (and also for form II). Moreover, the chemically equivalent but crystallographically distinct nuclei forming the two halves of the phenyl ring (and likewise of the heteronuclear ring) have been distinguished and a structural conformational motif attached to the 15 N chemical shifts revealed. The small differences between the spectra of forms I and II (which have very closely related crystal structures) are well-reproduced. The value of computations for establishing precise assignments of signals to crystallographic sites of atoms is emphasised. Conversely, the work provides a good test of the accuracy of computations for crystalline materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".