Numerical investigation on hydrodynamics of vertically confined free film
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For intensification of the film transfer process, flow behaviours of a novel type of liquid film, “confined free film” (a coexistence of both wall‐bounded and unbounded films), on a vertically‐aligned plate with an open window were investigated using the CFD modelling approach. It was found from the simulations that the liquid flow profiles of confined free film in the region of the open window vary with flow time. The average film thickness of the confined free film in the open window region is approximately 0.50∼0.67 of that in the solid wall region, while the corresponding velocity is approximately 1.7∼2.0 times faster. The falling film reaches its maximum thickness value and maximum velocity magnitude at the lower part of the open‐window region in the current study. Simulation results also indicated that the region of the lower‐wall plate promotes both varicose and sinuous wavy behaviour of the confined free film, while the open‐window region assists in exciting film wave motion in the lower‐wall region. Compared with vertically falling free film, the confined free film exhibits several distinctive features in its flow behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".