Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tribal Nations in mid-North America currently exercise their inherent rights as self-governing sovereign peoples by imposing taxes within tribal territories.Taxation is one of the powers of government that flows from sovereign status.The success of tribal taxation has been curtailed by intrusion of the United States federal government and its component state governments within the tribal territory.In exploring the ramifications of U.S. economic interference in tribal economies, the tribal power of taxation will be the primary focus of this article.In Part I of this article, the history of the United States seeking to diminish tribal sovereignty up to the current time period will be discussed.In Part II, an explanation of the current battleground over the tribal taxing jurisdiction, the key values that inform the planned economic activities of Tribal Nations, and the Tribalist Economic Theory will be explored.The focus of Part III involves the potential impact of international indigenous legal principles as they evolve to * Assistant Professor of Law at Hamline University School of Law.The author is thankful for the opportunity to participate in the University of Kansas School of Law's 2006 Tribal Law and Government Conference on the topic addressed in this article.This article is dedicated to Roger Jourdain, Eagle Flying in the Four Winds, (1912 -2002), former Chairman of the Red Lake Chippewa for over thirty years and the greatest sovereignty warrior the author ever had the honor of knowing.** This is the author's Dakota name translating to "Good EagleWoman Who Takes Care of the People."
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".