The relation between line emission and brightest cluster galaxies in three exceptional clusters: evidence for gas cooling from the intracluster medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a strong spatial correlation between brightest clusters galaxies (BCGs) and the peak density and cooling rate of the intracluster medium (ICM). In this paper we combine integral field spectroscopy, CO observations and X‐ray data to study three exceptional clusters (Abell 1991, Abell 3444 and Ophiuchus) where there is a physical and dynamical offset between the BCG and the cooling peak to investigate the connection between the cooling of the ICM, the cold gas being deposited and the central galaxy. We find the majority of the optical line emission is spatially coincident with the peak in the soft X‐rays. In the case of A1991 we make separate detections of CO(2–1) emission on the BCG and on the peak of the soft X‐ray emission suggesting that cooling continues to occur in the core despite being offset from the BCG. We conclude that there is a causal link between the lowest temperature (<2 keV) ICM gas and the molecular gas (∼30 K). This link is only apparent in systems where a transitory event has decoupled the BCG from the soft X‐ray peak. We discuss the prospects for identifying more examples of this rare configuration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".