Is the CIO the “last among equals”? Students’ Perceptions of the Stereotype profiles of CIOs, CFOs, and CMOs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the origin of the IT executive role in organizations, researchers have often emphasized the ambiguous and challenging role that CIOs face in organizations. While some argue that CIOs embrace new leadership roles in their organizations and suggest that CIOs should mean “Chief Influential Officers”, many others argue the opposite and even refer to the term CIO as the “Career Is Over”. We argue that these roles may be influenced by the existence and potentially persistence of distinct stereotype profiles at the C-suite level. This paper explores business students’ perceptions of CIOs in comparison with CMOs and CFOs. Our results suggest that business students enter their professional careers with well-defined stereotype profiles of business leaders and that these leaders are seen as distinct on two important leadership domains – social and dominance leadership. There are also indicators that some business leaders share more perceived leadership traits than others. Such similarities and differences in leadership profiles may have important implications for the role of the CIO in organizations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".