Bibliographic record
Abstract
The SX Phe stars are Population II pulsating variables lying below the horizontal branch. Their pulsation characteristics resemble those of δ Sct stars. Since old stars in the Kepler field situated in the thick disc or halo are likely to have kinematics different from δ Sct stars, we use proper motions and tangential velocities to search for possible SX Phe variables among 1424 Kepler δ Scuti stars. Tangential velocities derived from distances obtained from the photometric calibration in the Kepler input catalogue appear to be an effective method of separation between thin-disc and thick-disc/halo stellar populations. Using this method, 34 candidate SX Phe stars are identified, eight of which are located more than 0.5 kpc above the galactic plane. We find that the light curves of these stars cannot be distinguished from those of normal δ Scuti stars. It is generally thought that field SX Phe stars have high amplitudes and only one or two frequencies, but such light curves are rare among the candidate SX Phe stars in the Kepler field. We suggest that the relatively high amplitudes, which until now have been a defining characteristic of field SX Phe stars, are merely a selection effect. This supports the recent finding of several low-amplitude multiperiodic SX Phe stars in some globular clusters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".