La problématisation de la géographie scolaire à travers les introductions de manuels scolaires de 1998 et de 2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En France, la géographie scolaire entre en crise dans les années 1980 sous les effets conjugués des changements de paradigme de la géographie scientifique, de la perte de sens pour les élèves d’une discipline qui enseigne des savoirs figés et qui accorde une place essentielle à la mémorisation. Durant cette période, les débats sur les causes de la crise de l’enseignement de la géographie, menés notamment dans le cadre d’un mouvement didactique naissant, sont actifs. La problématisation est présentée comme une solution pour renouveler l’enseignement de cette discipline et, en 1995, les programmes scolaires imposent cette nouvelle orientation. Une analyse de manuels scolaires montre qu’en réalité la problématisation proposée reste formelle et ne remet en cause que très partiellement les méthodes d’enseignement traditionnelles de la géographie.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".