The influence of different turbulence models on the diffusion coefficients of energetic particles
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We explore the influence of turbulence on the transport of energetic particles by using test particle simulations. We compute parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients for two‐component turbulence, isotropic turbulence, a model based on Goldreich‐Sridhar scaling, noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, and a noisy slab model. We show that diffusion coefficients have a similar rigidity dependence regardless which turbulence model is used, and thus, we conclude that the influence of turbulence on particle transport is not as strong as originally thought. Only fundamental quantities such as particle rigidity and the Kubo number are relevant. In the current paper we also confirm the unified nonlinear transport theory for noisy slab turbulence. To double check the validity and accuracy of our numerical results, we use a second test particle code. We show that both codes provide very similar results confirming the validity of our conclusions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it