The Effect of Microwave Energy on Grindability of a Turkish High-Ash Coal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of microwave energy on grindability of high-ash (46.39%) and sulphur (3.99%) Turkish coal has been investigated. Coal samples (-9.52+3.18 mm) was treated by microwave at a frequency of 2.45 GHz with different power levels (0.48-0.64-0.80 kW) and residence times (30-150 s.). In order to determine the crushing/grinding resistance of low ranked lignite coal samples treated by microwave oven, the Impact Strength Index (ISI) test was applied for each treated and untreated sample and compared with each other. Experimental results have shown that significant increases in grindability were achieved when the coal samples were exposed to microwave radiation. The ISI of samples decreased up to 96%. Key words : Microwave energy; Low rank coal; Crushability; Grindability; Impact strength index (ISI)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".