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Record W193908597

Trends in characteristics of births by State: United States, 1990, 1995, and 2000-2002.

2004· article· en· W193908597 on OpenAlex
Paul D Sutton, T J Mathews

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePubMed · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDemographic Trends and Gender Preferences
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDemographyFertilityPopulationEducational attainmentMarital statusQuarter (Canadian coin)Birth rateEthnic groupNational Survey of Family GrowthGeographyRace (biology)MedicineFamily planningPolitical scienceResearch methodologySociology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

OBJECTIVE: This report presents U.S. and State-level data on births, birth rates, fertility rates, sex ratio, marital status, and educational attainment by race and Hispanic origin for 1990, 1995, and 2000-2002. METHODS: Data are presented in detailed tables, summary tables, maps, and graphs. RESULTS: In 2002 there were 4,021,726 live births in the United States, 136,486 fewer than in 1990. Despite a slight decline in the number of births nationwide, a few States witnessed significant increases in the number of live births with most of these States located in the western United States. Some of the westward shift in number of births is attributable to a growing population and some to the age and race composition of the individual States. However, real differences in fertility by State persist even when the effects of age structure and race and ethnic composition of the States' population are taken into account. This report also presents data on sex ratios, percentage unmarried, and educational attainment of mothers. Several observations from these data are noteworthy. The proportion of births to unmarried mothers increased nationally and in every State between 1990 and 2002. Nationally the percentage of mothers with fewer than 12 years of education fell, and the percentage with 16 or more years increased for all racial and ethnic groups. However, at the State level, the percentage of women with fewer than 12 years of education increased for nearly a quarter of the States, despite near universal increases in the percentage of women with 16 or more years of education.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.900
Threshold uncertainty score0.992

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.249
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it