Pollen and Macrofossil Study of an Interglacial Deposit in Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overburden removal for quarrying operations at the Milford Gypsum Quarry, East Milford, Nova Scotia, exposed 2 m of compacted and distorted peat and organic clays with abundant plant remains, associated with inorganic and laminated clays and sands. The non-glacial sediments were underlain by a grey till-like deposit and overlain by more than 20 m of red till. Wood (Larix sp.) from the nonglacial sediments produced a radiocarbon date of > 50,000 years BP (GSC-1642). Pollen analysis of the organic sediments shows a basal assemblage characterized by a variety of hardwood pollen genera including Fagus, Ulmus, Acer, Quercus and Tilia. Higher in the sequence Betula pollen increases and becomes the dominant pollen type. Towards the upper part of the organic unit, Picea and Abies balsamea replace the hardwood genera. Alnus is the most abundant pollen type at the top of the sequence. Wood, seeds, moss and Coleoptera remains add to the environmental reconstruction. The evidence as a whole leads to the conclusion that the latter part of an interglacial interval, probably the Sangamon, is represented. Hardwood forests dominated by a variety of thermophilous hardwood genera attest to a climate at least as warm as the present in the area. As the climate deteriorated, Betula became dominant. Continued cooling induced a transition to coniferous forests in which Picea and Abies balsamea predominated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".