Implementation of a bidirectional DC-DC in electric powertrains for drive cycles used by medium duty delivery trucks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different powertrain topologies have various advantages and disadvantages when used in electric vehicles. In this paper, the efficiencies of two different powertrains are compared. Both designs use a 2 level inverter and a surface mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). In the first design the inverter is directly powered by a high voltage battery and is operated using traditional pulse-width modulation (PWM). In the second design a bidirectional DC-DC is used to connect a lower voltage battery to the inverter and is operated using a variable DC link voltage strategy. These two systems are referred to as S1 and S2, respectively. The powertrains are designed to operate a class 4 delivery truck, which is driven by one motor attached to each rear wheel assembly. The efficiency maps of these systems are examined in the context of different drive cycles for a delivery truck. Furthermore, standard and experimentally captured drive cycles are compared and the results demonstrate the conditions under which system S2 is most effective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".