Anesthesia through a Novel Retrobulbar Catheter Provides Perioperative Pain Control for 24 h after Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the retrobulbar catheter technique for perioperative pain control in pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: One hundred consecutive pars plana vitrectomies (duration 20-220 minutes) in 88 patients (age range 37-88 years) were performed by the same surgeon under retrobulbar anesthesia using a commercially available retrobulbar needle. Initially, 7 ml of mepivacaine 2% were injected, a 28-gauge flexible catheter was introduced into the retrobulbar space and the needle was withdrawn. The catheter was removed 24 h after surgery. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, the patients were asked to rate pain using a numerical scale from 0 to 10. When pain was more than grade 3, 2 ml of a local anesthetic were re-injected through the catheter. RESULTS: A first re-injection was given intraoperative/y 53.0 +/- 34.6 minutes after the start of surgery during 35/100 procedures, and second and third injections were needed during 12 /100 and 4/100 procedures, respectively. The first postoperative re-injection was given 3.9 +/- 1.5 hours after the start of surgery in 54 procedures, and second and third injections were carried out in 35/100 and 10/100 procedures respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a temporary indwelling retrobulbar catheter allows long-lasting titratable local anesthesia during pars plana vitrectomy and titratable postoperative analgesia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it