A retrospective look at short-season soybean cultivar development in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cober, E. R. and Voldeng, H. D. 2012. A retrospective look at short-season soybean cultivar development in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1239–1243. Canadian soybean production has increased from about 63 000 ha in 1951 to 1.2 million ha in 2006 with expansion from southern Ontario to shorter season areas. From 1971 to 2000, soybean production in Ontario increased sixfold. Using annual reports from 1971 to 2000 of short-season trials in Ontario, we found that the number of reported cultivars remained between three and five until 1984 when the number of cultivars started to increase at the rate of about 2.5 yr −1 . The amount of time that cultivars remained in the reports has declined from 12 to 4 yr on average over the 30-yr period. Long-lived cultivars, however, were developed throughout the period including: Hardome, Merit, Evans, Maple Arrow, Bicentennial, Maple Glen, KG 41, OAC Eclipse, 9071, OAC Bayfield, PS 36, and S03-W4. Over the 30-yr period of cultivar testing, short-season seed yield increased about 600 kg ha −1 , while mean time to maturity decreased about 10 d. During the same time, mean Ontario commercial seed yields increased about 750 kg ha −1 . Over the 30-yr period, the number of short-season cultivars in annual reports increased 36-fold, while provincial yield increased only 1.4-fold. If the number of cultivars in annual reports is an indication of breeding effort, large research investments may be necessary to increase future yield improvement.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".