Synergistic interactions between the ACC deaminase-producing bacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4 and the AM fungus Gigaspora rosea positively affect cucumber plant growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase modulate plant ethylene levels. Decreased ethylene levels increase plant tolerance to environmental stresses and promote legume nodulation. On the contrary, the role of ethylene in mycorrhizal symbiosis establishment is still controversial. In this work, the ACC deaminase-producing strain Pseudomonas putida UW4 AcdS+ and its mutant AcdS(-), impaired in ACC deaminase synthesis, were inoculated alone or in combination with the AM fungus Gigaspora rosea on cucumber. Mycorrhizal and bacterial colonization as well as plant growth and morphometric parameters were measured. The influence of each microorganism on the photosynthetic efficiency was evaluated on the second and fourth leaf. The strain AcdS+, but not the AcdS(-) mutant, increased AM colonization and arbuscule abundance. The mycorrhizal fungus, but not the bacterial strains, promoted plant growth. However, the AcdS+ strain, inoculated with G. rosea, induced synergistic effects on plant biomass, total root length and total leaf projected area. Finally, the photosynthetic performance index was increased by the strain UW4 AcdS+ inoculated in combination with G. rosea BEG9. These results suggest a key role of this enzyme in the establishment and development of AM symbiosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".