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Endosymbiotic Actinidic Archaeal Generation of Ammonia and Thiocyanate Regulates Cell/Neuroimmunoendocrine System and Provides a Substrate for Archaeal Energetics

2012· article· en· W1948708939 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
A Ravikumar Kurup, Parameswara Achutha Kurup

Bibliographic record

VenueAdvances in natural science/Advances in natural sciences · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicSteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCholesterol oxidaseThiocyanateBiochemistryBiologyChemistryCholesterolInternal medicineEndocrinologyMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Aims and Objectives: Actinidic archaea has been related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, malignancy, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neuronal degeneration. Actinidic archaea use cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. Archaeal cholesterol catabolism mediated by archaeal cholesterol oxidase can produce cholesterol ring oxidation to generate pyruvate. Pyruvate is converted to glutamate and ammonia can be generated from it. Archaeal urease can act upon urea generating ammonia and thiocyanate. Ammonia and thiocyanate serves the purpose of cellular and neuroimmune endocrine regulation. The archaea are ammonia oxidizing and can use ammonia for their energetics. The archaeal urease activity related ammonia and thiocyanate synthesis as well as cholesterol oxidase activity generating pyruvate and ammonia was studied in schizophrenia, malignancy, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neuronal degeneration. Methodology: The following groups were included in the study: - endomyocardial fibrosis, alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, metabolic syndrome x with cerebrovascular thrombosis and coronary artery disease, schizophrenia, autism, seizure disorder, creutzfeldt jakob disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Plasma from fasting heparinised blood was used and the experimental protocol was as follows (I) Plasma+phosphate buffered saline, (II) same as I+cholesterol substrate, (III) same as II+rutile 0.1 mg/ml, (IV) same as II+ciprofloxacine and doxycycline each in a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The following estimations were carried out:- Cytochrome F420, hydrogen peroxide, pyruvate, ammonia, glutamate, thiocyanate and urease activity. Results: Plasma of control subjects showed increased levels of the above mentioned parameters with after incubation for 1 hour and addition of cholesterol substrate resulted in still further significant increase in these parameters. The plasma of patients showed similar results but the extent of increase was more. The addition of antibiotics to the control plasma caused a decrease in all the parameters while addition of rutile increased their levels. The addition of antibiotics and rutile to the patient’s plasma produced the same changes but the extent of change was more in patient’s sera as compared to controls. Conclusion: An actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in the above mentioned disease states is described. The archaeal urease generates thiocyanate and ammonia. The archaeal cholesterol oxidase catabolises cholesterol to generate pyruvate which is converted to glutamate and ammonia. Ammonia functions as a possible gasotransmitter in the brain. Ammonia can regulate mitochondrial function, membrane sodium potassium ATPase activity and immunity. It plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, malignancy, metabolic syndrome x, autoimmune disease and neuronal degeneration. Ammonia and thiocyanate serves the purpose of cellular/neuroimmuneendocrine regulation. The archaea can utilize ammonia oxidation for energetics. Key words : Actinides; Archaea; Urease; Cholesterol Oxidase; Ammonia; Thiocyanate

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.105
Threshold uncertainty score0.960

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.276
Teacher spread0.266 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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