Including Nonideal Behavior in Simulations of Functional Electrical Stimulation Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simulations of functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems are usually based on the typical or ideal stimulated muscle response, which may result in an overly optimistic prediction of the FES system's performance in real-world applications. We have developed a Simulink block that allows actual nonideal behavior of electrically stimulated muscles to be incorporated into existing FES simulations. This block is based on data collected from complete spinal cord injuries (SCI) subjects, and it modifies the nominal stimulated muscle response to reflect undesirable behavior seen in real-world FES applications, including spasms, tremors, and fatigue. The severity of each type of undesirable behavior can be specified by the user. In this paper, we discuss the design of the block and also present an example of how the block can be used to more accurately assess the probable real-world performance of FES systems prior to testing with SCI subjects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it