Scattering from an off-axis inhomogeneity in step-index optical fibers-mode conversion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is much current interest in dielectric surface waveguides due to their important applications in fiber communication systems. Many theoretical and practical problems are involved. An important problem is the excitation of surface waves and radiation by an infinitesimal dipole in cylindrical dielectric waveguides. The excitation of surface waves has been previously treated by employing the Lorentz reciprocity theorem [1,2] involving the use of the orthogonality relations in the modal fields. This technique, however, does not yield any information about the radiation fields. For waveguides with small dielectric differences between the adjacent layers, the radiation loss due to a localized impurity can be evaluated by the infinite-medium approximation [3]. This method does not yield any information about the surface waves. Yip [4] investigated the excitation of theHE_{11}mode by a transversely-oriented infinitesimal dipole on the axis of a rod, and the resulting formulation was later [5] used to calculate the radiation loss due to scattering from an on-axis inhomogeneity in a cladded fiber optical waveguide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".