Spontaneous Free Perforation of the Small Intestine in Crohn’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spontaneous free perforation of the small intestine is a rare but often dramatic event in the clinical course of Crohn's disease. Fifteen new cases of spontaneous free perforation of the small intestine--nine female patients and six male patients--were discovered in a series of 1000 consecutively evaluated patients with Crohn's disease seen during a period spanning 20 years, for an estimated frequency of 1.5%. Spontaneous free perforation was the presenting clinical feature of Crohn's disease in nine (60%) of the newly discovered cases. Most perforations were located in the ileum rather than in the jejunum, and there were no duodenal free perforations. One patient with extensive intestinal disease presented with concomitant free perforations of the jejunum and ileum, while a second patient had two free ileal perforations that developed independently, separated by about six years. No perforations were the result of a superimposed malignant process, ie, adenocarcinoma or lymphoma. There have been no mortalities, and the subsequent clinical course of these patients has been limited to a minority requiring corticosteroid or immunosuppressive medications, or further surgical resections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".