Efficient and reliable template set matching for 3D object recognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Object recognition in range image data is formulated as template set matching. The object model is represented as a set of voxel templates, one for each possible pose. The set of all templates is composed into a binary decision tree. Each leaf node references a small number of templates. Each internal node references a single voxel, and has two branches, T and F. The subtree branching from the T branch contains the subset of templates which contain the node voxel. Conversely, the subtree branching from F branch contains the subset of templates which do not contain the node voxel. Traversing the tree at any image location executes a point probe strategy. It efficiently determines a good match with the template set by interrogating only those elements which discriminate between the remaining possible interpretations. The method has been implemented for a number of different heuristic tree design and traversal methods. Results are presented of extensive tests for two objects under isolated, cluttered, and occluded scene conditions. It is shown that there exist traversal/design combinations which are both efficient and reliable, and that the method is robust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".