Effect of Hemoglobin Variants (Hb J, Hb G, and Hb E) on HbA1c Values as Measured by Cation-Exchange HPLC (Diamat)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used for the long-term management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (1)(2). Hb variants other than HbA1c and e-N-lysine-glycated Hb A may cause analytical interference in determinations of HbA1c (3)(4)(5)(6). In one study, the authors estimated the prevalence of thalassemia in Taiwan as 7%; moreover, ∼1% of the people in northern Taiwan are β-thalassemia heterozygotes (7). The occurrence of 24 abnormal Hbs (13 α-chain variants and 11 β-chain variants), including Hb G-Taipei, in populations in the Silk Road area of Northwestern China has been presented in a review (8). The frequency of thalassemia has been estimated to be ∼1 in 2350 in Japan (9) and even higher in North Africa (10). Hb E is the second most prevalent Hb variant worldwide and the third most prevalent variant in the US, after Hb S and C. Hb E is found primarily in Southeast Asia, especially among the Thai population (11). In the northeastern region of India, the gene frequency of Hb E is 10.9% (12). In a study of 222 000 blood samples in Canada, 23 cases of Hb J were identified (13). Given that the majority of hemoglobinopathic cases are from families of Asian, Southeast …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".