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Record W195272498

Boondoggling, Baseball, and the WPA

2000· article· en· W195272498 on OpenAlex
Robert Kossuth

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueNine · 2000
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicAmerican Sports and Literature
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLeagueCONTESTStadiumState (computer science)ManagementEngineeringPolitical scienceEconomic historyLawHistoryEconomics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Cooperstown's Doubleday Field The first Hall of Fame baseball game was played at Doubleday Field in Cooperstown, New York, on June 12, 1939. [1] This contest between American and National League all-star teams was organized to celebrate the official opening of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The following year, two Major League teams, the Chicago Cubs and the Boston Red Sox, played in the second Hall of Fame Game, initiating the tradition that continues to the present. [2] The construction of the museum and the reconstitution of Doubleday Field were the result of the efforts of local citizens who, with the support of wealthy benefactors, local and state government officials, and executives of Major League Baseball, were able to capitalize on the myth of Abner Doubleday's invention of baseball in order to cement Cooperstown's place in baseball history. [3] To achieve this end, the village first had to secure funds to purchase the land upon which the first game was said to have been played in 1839, Elihu Phinney's cow pasture . The building of a baseball stadium on this land would then serve as a fitting memorial to commemorate Doubleday's invention of baseball. [4] Therefore, the securing of Doubleday Field and its subsequent modernization between 1938 and 1939, in concert with the construction of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, were critical to ensuring the community's claim to being baseball's birthplace. This claim was confirmed by Major League Baseball's decision to celebrate baseball's centenary in Cooperstown in 1939. The renewal of the Doubleday Field baseball stadium during the depths of the Great Depression by the Village of Cooperstown, a community with a population of only 2,800 people in 1939, presented a number of challenges, particularly in terms of securing financial backing. [5] Completing the reconstitution of Doubleday Field for the summer celebrations of 1939 required funding beyond that which could be provided by local taxpayers and benefactors. To this end, the village sought and received federal relief assistance to fill this funding void in much the same manner that other towns and cities sought to finance public recreation projects. The purpose of this investigation is to determine how the Village of Cooperstown was able to secure federal relief funding and the role this funding played in the modernization of Doubleday Field. In order to understand how federal relief funding was secured, it will be necessary to examine Franklin Delano Roosevelt's (FDR's) position with respect to work relief as expressed through his New Deal policies and programs. Following this, the place of sport and recreation projects within the broader scope of federal relief programs and, specifically, the Work Progress/Projects Administration (WPA) must be determined to understand how Cooperstown was able to access this support. [6] To place this investigation within the broader context of the role played by sport and recreation in the programs that FDR'S New Deal comprised, it is necessary to recognize that the WPA was the most active of all relief programs with respect to the funding of recreation programs and the construction of sport and recreation facilities, it was not surprising that the Village of Cooperstown sought federal aid to assist with the renewal of Doubleday Field. Understanding the WPA'S role in the Doubleday Field project requires that the programs broader economic and social objectives, particularly those concerned with recreation projects, be investigated. Federal support in the form of WPA funding was the critical factor in the reconstitution of Doubleday Field in 1939. This funding, however, may not have been secured without the support of influential WPA administrators, professional baseball executives, and most importantly the efforts of the citizens of Cooperstown. From this latter group, two key individuals sta nd out: Hall of Fame benefactor Stephen Clark and Alexander Cleland, the organizing force behind the building of the Hall of Fame and the success of the centenary celebration. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.528
Threshold uncertainty score0.726

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.2740.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.179
Teacher spread0.173 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it