Bond strength in concrete filled built-up steel tube columns with tab stiffeners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apart from strength and ductility, adequate bond between steel and concrete at the interface is important in concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns to ensure a composite action. One way of improving the bond strength of a CFST column is introducing internal stiffeners. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the bond strength of a CFST column with tab stiffeners by conducting a push out test. Twenty-one square specimens of sides 200 mm × 200 mm, fabricated from 2 mm thick mild steel sheeting were tested in two series. The first series considered the variation in the tab spacing along the stiffeners, namely 75, 100, 150, and 300 mm, while in the second series, the concrete cube compressive strengths were 36, 40, and 50 MPa. The bond strength at the concrete–steel interface was found to increase with decreasing tab spacing. In-filling the tubes with higher strength concrete had also resulted in an increase in the bond strength by up to an average of 40%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".